The collective term for the many techniques (such as copper-wheel engraving and cutting) used to alter or decorate glass when it is cold.

Smoothing the surface of an object when it is cold by holding it against a rotating wheel fed with a fine abrasive such as pumice or cerium oxide. Glass can also be polished with hand-held tools.

The technique of removing the surface of an object with a rotating wheel fed with an abrasive, or by some other means.

The technique whereby glass is removed from the surface of an object by grinding it with rotating wheels made of stone, wood, and cork. The first stage of the process employs a stone wheel under a continuous stream of water. Later, wheels of fine-grained stone and wood, fed with various abrasives, are used to grind and polish the surface.

The removal of glass from the surface of an object by means of hand-held tools or sandblasting.

Any cooled glass object that requires further forming or decoration to be finished.

The process of fusing or shaping glass (usually in or over a mold) by heating it in a kiln.

An oven used to process a substance by burning, drying, or heating. In contemporary glassworking, kilns are used to fuse enamel and for kiln-forming processes such as slumping.