(1) A rounded, hollow vessel; (2) the uppermost part of a goblet, tazza, or wineglass.

Glass that is colored by (1) impurities in the basic ingredients in the batch or (2) techniques of coloring glass by one of three main processes: (a) using a dissolved metallic oxide to impart a color throughout, (b) forming a dispersion of some substance in a colloidal state, and (c) suspending particles of pigments to form opaque colors.

A type of decoration in the stems of 18th-century and later drinking glasses, made by twisting a glass rod embedded with threads of white glass, threads of colored glass, columns of air (air twists), or a combination of all three.

The narrow part of a goblet or tazza that separates the bowl and the foot.

A monochrome segment of glass cut from a trail.

An ancient Roman vessel decorated by undercutting so that the surface decoration stands free of the body of the glass, supported by struts. The vessel appears, therefore, to be enclosed in an openwork cage. Cage cups are sometimes known as diatreta or vasa diatreta.

The removal of glass from the surface of an object by means of hand-held tools or sandblasting.

The technique whereby glass is removed from the surface of an object by grinding it with rotating wheels made of stone, wood, and cork. The first stage of the process employs a stone wheel under a continuous stream of water. Later, wheels of fine-grained stone and wood, fed with various abrasives, are used to grind and polish the surface.

A bottle for perfume or toilet water. Ancient Roman toilet bottles are frequently known as unguentaria.

(from Latin), pl. unguentaria. A term commonly applied to ancient Roman toilet bottles. It appears, however, that the term was “invented” in the 19th century, on analogy with unguentarius (perfume seller) and similar Latin words that the Romans used in connection with perfumes.

Glass colored with uranium oxide. The earliest reference to uranium glass appears to date from 1817. It was made popular by Josef Riedel in and after 1834. See also Annagelb (which is yellow) and Annagrün (which is green).

(German) Two types of glass colored by adding uranium oxide to the batch. Annagelb is yellow, and Annagrün is green. They were developed by Josef Riedel (1816-1894), who named them for his wife, Anna, and they were made from 1834.

The process of cutting into the surface of an annealed glass object either by holding it against a rotating copper wheel fed with an abrasive or by scratching it, usually with a diamond.

The technique of forming an object by inflating a gather or gob of molten glass on the end of a blowpipe. Traditionally and in modern furnace working, the gaffer blows through the tube, slightly inflating the gob, which is then manipulated into the required form by swinging it, rolling it on a marver, or shaping it with tools or in a mold. It is then inflated to the desired size. In flameworking, one end of the glass tube is heated and closed immediately, after which the worker blows into the other end and manipulates the hot glass.

An air-filled void, which may be of almost any shape. Air traps in stems are frequently tearshaped or elongated and spirally twisted.