Unlike most American and European glass manufacturers, Scandinavian companies tried to integrate the new “studio” glass into their production. Kosta Boda gave the artists Bertil Vallien and his wife, Ulrica Hydman-Vallien, studios at the factory. The Valliens were popular designers for Kosta, and they built an independent studio practice as well. Most studio glass artists did not design for a company and produce unique work; the Valliens were unusual in that they successfully did both.